When we think about childhood mental health, we often imagine it as a concern for the teenage years. But signs of emotional struggles can appear much earlier, and early support can change a child's entire future. In fact, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Mental Health America (MHA) report that 13 percent of US children aged 3-17 have a current diagnosed mental or behavioral health condition, including anxiety, depression, or behavioral disorders. In addition, 10 percent of children ages 3-17 have also been diagnosed with anxiety disorders.
With May 4-10 designated as Children’s Mental Health Awareness Week, it’s a good time to learn more about the mental health needs of younger children and what providers and parents can do to help promote good mental health early in childhood for a lifetime of emotional support and awareness.
Start early
Because mental health is developed through nurturing relationships with adults, it’s crucial to help a child build emotional and social skills early in life. Experts say providers and parents should prioritize activities and relationships that encourage positive mental health early in childhood. Just as physical health depends on nutritious food, sleep, exercise, and shelter, a child's mental health thrives on unconditional love, self-esteem, opportunities for play, safe surroundings, and appropriate discipline. At this early age, it’s also a good time to establish schedules and structure, as safe, predictable routines (meals, bedtime, chores) support emotional stability.
Remember that good mental health can enable a child to think clearly, form bonds and relationships, and learn new developmental skills.
Promote confidence and self-esteem
Parents and providers should use praise and encouragement to help boost a child’s confidence and self-esteem. They should also help a child understand realistic goals and encourage effort over winning in all aspects of life. In addition, parents should avoid sarcasm, personal criticism, and harsh language and always focus on positive reinforcement. When it comes to discipline, remember that a child benefits from a firm but fair parent who explains the reasons behind the rules.
Communication and Coaching
Parents should establish clear communication with their children early on, responding to cues and creating safe spaces of open dialogue. Try to use open-ended questions when talking to a child and make time for casual, supportive conversations. In addition, reassure children when they express fears and help them acknowledge, name, and validate their emotions. If a child is anxious or exhibits stress, help them learn coping strategies like deep breathing, muscle relaxation, and mental imagery.
Social Development
Parents and providers should encourage children to build their own friendships and social relationships through playdates, extracurricular activities, and school. This development helps children learn to get along with others, develop empathy, and enhance their social skills.
Promoting playtime
Whether team sports or talking to imaginary friends, playtime fosters creativity, problem-solving, emotional expression, and social development. Parents and providers should encourage free, fun play for children and their friends and prioritize good times over winning. Adults should also participate in playtime and set aside one-on-one play games to help strengthen connections and interactions.
Recognizing When to Seek Help
In being aware of potential mental health concerns in a child, parents and providers should look out for persistent emotional or behavioral issues like academic decline, withdrawal, aggression, anxiety, hyperactivity, sleep disruptions, nightmares, or depression as potential signs of emotional distress.
Conditions to be aware of include ADHD, bipolar disorder, conduct disorder, depression, grief, psychosis, suicidal thoughts, and substance use.
If you need help, please consult a pediatrician or mental health professional if concerns arise. And remember, you are never alone. Many resources are available for children, including mental health organizations, school counselors, family networks, support groups, and crisis teams. Early action and compassionate support can make a world of difference.
Let’s work together to create a future where every child’s mental health is nurtured and protected.